Datanetics Keyboard History and News

Though I do make a small profit on some of the things I sell, in other cases profits are elusive. A typical example is the Datanetics keyboard PCB. Here is a timeline.

Spring, 2010: I started this project.
December, 2010: I had the first batch of 10 PCBs made.
October, 2011: I sold out the first batch of 10 – the project had cost me several hundred dollars, even after selling all the extra PCBs.
October, 2012: new run of 20 PCBs made
August, 2013: I finally have broken even, income from PCB sales have covered all the expenses I have incurred on this project

For those of you that are interested, I still have some PCBs available.

For those of you that have purchased the PCBs and are using Apple II keycaps, I plan on having a batch of custom Datanetics keycaps made sometime in the next 6 months or year. Hopefully there is enough interest from PCB owners that I will not have to wait 3 years to recoup my expenses from a custom keycap set. Let me, mike@willegal.net, know if you are are interested in this.

Significant Apple 1 Registry Update

Oh my, what I have I started. Apple 1 registry maintenance has become far more effort than I expected. They keep popping out of the woodwork, sometimes in waves. Others are changing hands, at a steady rate. In the last year, quite a surprising number have been brought up into operating condition.

In an attempt to make it easier for me to maintain this data, I have made a significant update. A table of all 61 units that I have listed in the registry has been added, with some major characteristics listed and links to individual units descriptions. Detailed descriptions are now organized into three catagories.

  • units in historic pictures
  • units in museums
  • unit in private hands
  • I also added a number of newly uncovered Apple 1s, including one in the National Museum in Scotland and one possibly owned by the first female graduate of Stanford Law School.

    The curators of the Nixdorf Computer Museum in Germany were nice enough to send me pictures of their unit. I always appreciate receiving quality images of original Apple 1 computers. The table indicates what kind of images that I presently possess, so if you have quality images of units, that you think may improve my image library, let me know.

    http://www.willegal.net/appleii/apple1-originals.htm

    SCELBI TTY and Apple II Serial Card Update

    I now have SCELBI TTY cards in stock and will ship one to you for $30, shipping included. If you are interested send an email to: mike@willegal.net. Be aware that at this point they are not tested, so until I get one tested, I don’t guarantee that they will work without modification.

    Regarding TTY card testing, I have been delayed because I didn’t have a current loop interface to test it against. Well that has been rectified, as I have the Apple II Serial Card that I mentioned in another post working (at least in RS232 mode). In order to get that card working in a way that would work for interfacing to the SCELBI TTY card, I had to reconstruct and burn a P9 PROM that matched the first version PROM. Wendell Sander was nice enough to send me a PROM that was a copy of his serial card P9 PROM. However, his P9 PROM was overwritten in a couple of spots with a all ones pattern. I took his PROM and compared the parts that were intact with the listing at the back of the manual and determined that I could resurrect his PROM by filling in the missing code with the code from the listing in the manual. After messing up my first attempt, I burned what I thought was a good P9 PROM. I put it in the Serial card and tested in RS232 mode against a Super Serial card in another Apple II. That simple test was successful and I now have a working Apple II Serial card without the undesirable flow control behaviors of the second version PROM.

    I should be able to use this card in current loop mode for testing the SCELBI TTY card. In fact, I have visions of putting it in an APPPLE IIe (for the needed 72 column support) and emulating TTY operation as closely as I can with the Apple II. I should be able to emulate not only print and typing functions, but emulate paper tape as well. Potentially, I could even add a real paper tape reader and possibly punch by constucting an interface on a SUPERPROTO board.

    As far as my prototype TTY card itself, it is mostly built up, just missing a couple of resistors which should arrive today or tomorrow. Once it’s together and tested I’ll put up a Bill of Materials, some simple build instructions and photos.

    Apple 1s in the News and an Apple 1 Book

    Check out this article in the San Jose Mercury News. I never thought that this would be the result when Ralph Simpson, a volunteer for the History San Jose museum contacted me for tips on bringing up their Apple 1. I put him in touch with Wendell Sander and Dan Kottke and the rest is “news”. Note that there were several Apple 1s present that are not in my registry. Probably an indication of how many are still out there in the wild, unaccounted for.

    It also shows why I don’t count working Apple 1s anymore. Ever since it was determined that working 1s were far more valuable than non-working 1’s, everyone is fixing them up. In a way, this is great, as we originally noted that there weren’t many that were operating, anymore. We thought it was a bad thing that so many were not powered up and being used. My point of view has shifted a little bit, since there are quality reproductions out there, that can be operated instead, and the value of the originals has gone through the roof, maybe running those old machines doesn’t make as much sense, as it used to. That said, so far, I haven’t heard of one being damaged by power up, so why not run them and keep them working.

    There is another small number that is interesting, though. There are not very many left in the hands of original owners. Original owner, Wendell Sander asked me this question, and I could only come up with a few, though I’m guessing that there are more out there in the “wild”, still in the hands of original owners. I’m not giving a count, but it definitely seems like a small number.

    Also Bob Luther is launching a book on the Apple 1. His kickstarter is almost over, but it sounds like it will be available elsewhere, afterward. I was interviewed by one of Bob’s assistants a couple of years ago, so this book has been in the works for a while. It will be interesting to read what Bob has found out about the Apple 1.

    MPS3704 status

    Apple/Mimeo 1 people, be aware that normal production and stocking of MPS3704 seems to have stopped with major distributers. I just received this email from Mouser.

    Hello Mike,

    Thank you for choosing Mouser Electronics.

    At the time of placing an order with our supplier, they required a minimum order quantity for the following part. If you are unable to increase your quantity to meet the minimum, we can attempt to locate a substitute for you. Please let us know how you would like to proceed with your order.

    Purchase Order # XXXXXXXXXX
    Part # 610-MPS3704
    Minimum Order Quantity: 3,350

    This part is not listed at Digikey, Allied, Unicorn or Jameco at all. Note that date code fanatics have been seeking out old Motorola MPS3704s from surplus suppliers for their Mimeo reproductions, anyway. It looks like future supplies of these transistors may have to come from those surplus suppliers.

    Apple 1 Registry Update

    All the press about yet another record Apple 1 action has brought a few more original Apple 1’s to my attention. I have added a couple more to the registry, and updated some information on some that I knew about, but now have better information on.

    I have heard about another machine, with a real interesting story, but am waiting for an image, before I add that one to the registry. Also it looks like the Ricket’s computer is now owned by Robert Luther ( Robert Luther’s Apple 1). I will update that next time around.

    By the way, I did not tell anyone that the owner of the recently auctioned Apple 1 was Fred Hatfield, a former Boston Red Sox player who died in the late 90s. Since Fred contacted me a year or two ago, with information on his Apple 1, I knew that he was still alive and kicking and not a deceased baseball player. I sincerly hope that this mistake was someone else making a wrong assumption and the Breker’s forgetting where they heard it from.

    I guess that is the way of the world, when the amount of money involved in transactions like this gets to ridiculous levels.

    More Apple 1 Fonts

    In a previous post, I talked about how the lettering on the Apple 1 was probably done with a K&E Leroy system. However, I forgot to mention that the larger letters were not done with Leroy. Those letters were probably done with a Letraset or similar rub on transfer system. Take a close look at the Apple Computer 1 lettering, which is representative of the larger lettering seen throughout the board.

    Apple1logo

    Apple1logo

    This lettering is in the general form of Helvetica, with subtle differences from most variations of Helvetica that you see today. Through extensive searching I found a very close match with Neue Haas Grotest Std Text 65 Medium. This is a recreated version of the predecessor to Helvetica. Check out this page with more information about this font.

    Here is a recreation of the Apple Computer 1 lettering using this font. I think it would be hard to beat this match.

    Replicated Apple Computer 1 logo

    Replicated Apple Computer 1 logo


    replicated Apple 1 copyright notice

    replicated Apple 1 copyright notice

    If someone has a Letraset catalog from the 70’s, it would be interesting to see if they can find a good match in one of those catalogs.

    How are the Apple 1 and Wonder Woman Comics alike

    I recently received an email that indicated that the Apple 1 was most likely lettered with the Leroy lettering. That email has resulted in a lot of research and exploration of exactly what is Leroy lettering and was it really used for lettering the Apple 1 PCB.

    First thing to figure out is what is the Leroy lettering system? It is a system to mechanically create lettering that was intended to generate legible lettering on a drafting table. Engineering documents, maps, architectural drawings and the like were the primary applications.

    Here is an image of a K&E Leroy lettering set.

    K&E Leroy Lettering Set

    K&E Leroy Lettering Set

    It’s easier to show how it works, than describe it. Here is an image of one set up to make a capital M. The scribe follows the letting in the ruler like jig and ink in the “pen” writes a pretty exact copy of that letter. There are a series of jigs for different sized letters. The scribe tool can be adjust to make the letters slanted in an italic type fashion.

    Leroy Letterng Sytems Set Up

    Leroy Letterng Sytems Set Up

    So how do we determine whether this system was used to make the lettering for the Apple 1. The easiest way is to compare the lettering on an actual Apple 1 with an example we know was made with Leroy lettering System.

    Apple1 Leroy Lettering

    Apple1 Leroy Lettering compared to Apple 1

    You can see that the newly created Leroy lettering (bottom) is nearly a perfect match to the Apple 1 (top), so I think that we can be pretty confident that the Apple 1 lettering was made with the Leroy or very similar lettering system.

    My next question is whether the SCELBI front bezel was also lettered with the Leroy system.

    Leroy and SCELBI Front Panel

    Leroy and SCELBI Front Panel

    Though the lettering is very close, there are some differences in the leg on the “R” and the “A” looks a little different. Also the ends of the strokes on the letters have nice square edges, which would not occur in a Leroy lettered system.

    Finally, follow this link to see what Wonder Woman comic books have in common with the Apple 1.

    SCELBI Demonstrated at VCFse

    I figured I would report on my SCELBI exhibit operations at VCF SE 1.0. I will also cross post this to the new yahoo group, retro-restore.

    Saturday was dedicated to running the SCELBI calculator program. Toggling in the bootloader before exhibit opening, went without major issues, though I found that focus on toggling was a little hard to keep with numerous other people around getting the facility ready and getting their exhibits ready. No significant problems with downloading and pretty soon I had the program running.

    I had left the divide by zero error handler to just halt the CPU. This turned out to be a good way to demonstrate front panel operations, as I just needed to divide by zero in order to halt the cpu. I would then need to toggle in a jump instruction in order to get the program running again. I did have a few issues during the day when the program appeared to stop accepting input. I think the main reason for this, is that the parser is rather particular, expecting only certain characters during input at any given time. Other characters are ignored, making it seem like the program or machine is stuck, when, in fact, the operator is typing the wrong thing. Anyway, the program ran all day, without any need to reload it, until I took it down to demonstrate during my talk.

    The second day, I was planning on demonstrating Mark Arnold’s 1K Mandelbrot program. I arrived just 20 minutes before exhibit opening and because I was also demonstrating a Mimeo and had to set that up, and didn’t have time to toggle in the bootloader before opening. I had to do it, while showing off my exhibit. The Mandlebrot program needs to use location zero, so I had to relocate the bootloader. Last time, I did this, I had no issues, but this time my math skills failed me and I spent a considerable amount of time trying to make the Mandlebrot program load right on top of the bootloader. Finally after realizing the error of my ways, I retoggled the bootloader into a better spot and got the Mandlebrot program loaded and running.
    If I had been thinking straight, I could have loaded the bootloader into the new location, with the bootloader that was loaded in the wrong place. The SCELBIgenerated Mandlebrot images for the rest of the day, without error.

    The bottom line is that the SCELBI ran all weekend, the clock remained stable enough to support RS232 bit-banged I/O without error. The power supply worked great.

    A lot of people that had never heard of it, were exposed to the SCELBI for the first time. And finally, I overheard one person say that the reproduction SCELBI was the coolest thing at the show.

    Things I would change. I would probably run the Mandlebrot on Saturday, when things were busiest. I also need to find a teletype or current loop terminal,because some people were confused by the Powerbook running a terminal program acting as the terminal.

    It was wonderful meeting everyone who came to the show and if you didn’t come I recommend you make an effort to attend a VCF, if you get a chance.